Mechanisms and Factors Regulating the Uptake and Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Phytoplankton

To achieve these goals, we need to determine the environmental factors and underlying physiological mechanisms that regulate the uptake and effects of toxic metals (Cu, Cd, and Zn) and interactive nutrient metals (Mn, Zn and Fe) in representative phytoplankton species. We will then combine this information with data on environmental variations in controlling factors (e.g. free ion concentrations of metals) to construct conceptual and mathematical models for algal uptake and biological effects.